You can achieve this by using the BuildRowsetFromString AMPscript function, for example:
SET @rowSet = BuildRowsetFromString(@value, ",")
This will build a rowset with as many rows as many values you have in that cell. You can then use a comparison to match the values that should have checked checkboxes. Here's the whole thing:
%%[
SET @value = Lookup("DataDE", "FieldA", "Email", emailaddr)
SET @rowSet = BuildRowsetFromString(@value, ",")
FOR @i=1 TO rowcount(@rowSet) DO
set @row = Row(@rowset,@i)
set @field = Field(@row,1)
IF @field == "value a" THEN
SET @valuea = "checked"
ELSEIF @field == "value b" THEN
SET @valueb = "checked"
ELSEIF @field == "value c" THEN
SET @valuec = "checked"
ELSEIF @field == "value d" THEN
SET @valued = "checked"
ELSEIF @field == "value e" THEN
SET @valuee = "checked"
ELSEIF @field == "value f" THEN
SET @valuef = "checked"
ENDIF
NEXT @i
]%%
@valuea: %%=v(@valuea)=%%
<br>
@valueb: %%=v(@valueb)=%%
<br>
@valuec: %%=v(@valuec)=%%
<br>
@valued: %%=v(@valued)=%%
<br>
@valuee: %%=v(@valuee)=%%
<br>
@valuef: %%=v(@valuef)=%%
And then include the values in your form:
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="valuea" value="value a" %%=v(@valuea)=%%> value a<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="valueb" value="value b" %%=v(@valueb)=%%> value b<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="valuec" value="value c" %%=v(@valuec)=%%> value c<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="valued" value="value d" %%=v(@valued)=%%> value d<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="valuee" value="value e" %%=v(@valuee)=%%> value e<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="valuef" value="value f" %%=v(@valuef)=%%> value f<br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>