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What is better to use document.getElementById("myId") or component.find("myId").getElement(); in terms of performance? What will be faster?

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Regardless of performance, you should use component.find. Document query selectors aren't recommended in lightning, whereas component.find has explicit support:

Valid DOM Access

The following methods are valid DOM access because the elements are created by c:domLocker.

cmp.getElements()

Returns the elements in the DOM rendered by the component.

cmp.find()

Returns the div and button components, identified by their aura:id attributes.

cmp.find("div1").getElement()

Returns the DOM element for the div as c:domLocker created the div.

event.getSource().get("v.name")

Returns the name of the button that dispatched the event; in this case, myButton.

Notice the complete absence of query selectors in the enumeration of valid methods to access the DOM. It's not a supported approach, strictly speaking, even if it may work today.

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