Yes, in the scenario you describe, the Account, custom object A, and custom object B could each be called a parent of custom object C.
Note that being a parent is different from being the master in a master-detail relationship. A master-detail relationship can be considered an extension of the parent-child relationship which adds more constraints. A parent-child relationship is merely a relationship between related pieces of data, whereas a master-detail relationship has further implications on the persistence of detail records when the master record is deleted, and the association of the detail record with the master. See the overview of relationship types for more details.