This is a great question. Actually, it's more of a Javascript question than a LWC related question.
Quite simply because the answer is not related to LWC but to pure Javascript.
You just need to use the below code:
if(var){
}
In fact, Javascript will check if the var value is not undefined, not null and not an empty string.
EDIT
If we had to compare Aura to LWC in general, I would say that LWC is a real Javascript framework, a modern framework. This often involves Javascript takes a much more important place than the view, unlike Aura. But also that it is possible to use all the power of today's Javascript. And this is awesome!