It could be very useful sometimes, but you can't call methods like that (you can only invoke them with events) and you can't pass parameters to them. So in your case, I would recommend creating a component that you render in your iteration:
<aura:iteration items="{!v.myObjects}" var="obj">
<c:yourComponent value="{!obj}" param="{parameter}" />
</aura:iteration>
And your component could look like this:
<aura:component>
<aura:attribute name="value" type="Object">
<aura:attribute name="param" type="String">
<aura:attribute name="isRendered" type="Boolean" access="private">
<aura:handler name="init" value="{!this}" action="{!c.doInit}"/>
<aura:if isTrue="{!v.isRendered}">
<!-- ... -->
</aura:if>
</component>
doInit: function(cmp) {
var rendered = //doSomethingWithParam
cmp.set("v.isRendered", rendered);
}