No, You can't restrict a list view based on profile. There is an idea you can vote

[Restict Visibility on List Views by Profile][1]

Currently, you can only do this using role, group and territory.
[![enter image description here][2]][2]


  [1]: https://ideas.salesforce.com/s/idea/a0B8W00000GdlJSUAZ/restict-visibility-on-list-views-by-profile
  [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/B3Vxm.png