in order to get every information about the profile, you have to create a package.xml file where you have to mention all the metadata for which you want to see the profile permissions. The below package.xml file contains custom objects, applications, tabs and profile. The profile metadata file will have information about user permissions, custom object field permissions, custom tabs and application permission. You can extend it to whatever you want.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Package xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
<types>
<members>*</members>
<name>CustomObject</name>
</types>
<types>
<members>*</members>
<name>Profile</name>
</types>
<types>
<members>*</members>
<name>CustomApplication</name>
</types>
<types>
<members>*</members>
<name>CustomTab</name>
</types>
<version>48.0</version>
</Package>
My retrieved profile metadata file looks like:-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Profile xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
<applicationVisibilities>
<application>standard__Insights</application>
<default>false</default>
<visible>true</visible>
</applicationVisibilities>
<applicationVisibilities>
<application>standard__Work</application>
<default>false</default>
<visible>true</visible>
</applicationVisibilities>
<custom>false</custom>
<fieldPermissions>
<editable>false</editable>
<field>Validation_Control__mdt.isActive__c</field>
<readable>false</readable>
</fieldPermissions>
<objectPermissions>
<allowCreate>true</allowCreate>
<allowDelete>true</allowDelete>
<allowEdit>true</allowEdit>
<allowRead>true</allowRead>
<modifyAllRecords>true</modifyAllRecords>
<object>Account__c</object>
<viewAllRecords>true</viewAllRecords>
</objectPermissions>
<objectPermissions>
<allowCreate>true</allowCreate>
<allowDelete>true</allowDelete>
<allowEdit>true</allowEdit>
<allowRead>true</allowRead>
<modifyAllRecords>true</modifyAllRecords>
<object>Order__c</object>
<viewAllRecords>true</viewAllRecords>
</objectPermissions>
<objectPermissions>
<allowCreate>true</allowCreate>
<allowDelete>true</allowDelete>
<allowEdit>true</allowEdit>
<allowRead>true</allowRead>
<modifyAllRecords>true</modifyAllRecords>
<object>Product_Family__c</object>
<viewAllRecords>true</viewAllRecords>
</objectPermissions>
<objectPermissions>
<allowCreate>true</allowCreate>
<allowDelete>true</allowDelete>
<allowEdit>true</allowEdit>
<allowRead>true</allowRead>
<modifyAllRecords>true</modifyAllRecords>
<object>Product__c</object>
<viewAllRecords>true</viewAllRecords>
</objectPermissions>
<recordTypeVisibilities>
<default>false</default>
<recordType>Knowledge__kav.Country_sac</recordType>
<visible>true</visible>
</recordTypeVisibilities>
<recordTypeVisibilities>
<default>true</default>
<recordType>Knowledge__kav.Worldkey</recordType>
<visible>true</visible>
</recordTypeVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>Account__c</tab>
<visibility>DefaultOn</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>Apex</tab>
<visibility>Hidden</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>Product_Explorer</tab>
<visibility>Hidden</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>Product_Family__c</tab>
<visibility>Hidden</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>Product__c</tab>
<visibility>Hidden</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>Pub_Sub</tab>
<visibility>Hidden</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>UirecordApi</tab>
<visibility>DefaultOn</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>Wire</tab>
<visibility>Hidden</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>X3rd_Party_Libs</tab>
<visibility>Hidden</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<tabVisibilities>
<tab>Your_Bike_Selection</tab>
<visibility>DefaultOn</visibility>
</tabVisibilities>
<userLicense>Salesforce</userLicense>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ActivateContract</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ActivateOrder</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ActivitiesAccess</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>AddDirectMessageMembers</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>AllowUniversalSearch</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>AllowViewKnowledge</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ApexRestServices</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ApiEnabled</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ArchiveArticles</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>AssignPermissionSets</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>AssignTopics</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>AuthorApex</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>BulkMacrosAllowed</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CanInsertFeedSystemFields</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CanUseNewDashboardBuilder</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CanVerifyComment</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ChangeDashboardColors</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ChatterEditOwnPost</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ChatterEditOwnRecordPost</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ChatterFileLink</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ChatterInternalUser</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ChatterInviteExternalUsers</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ChatterOwnGroups</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ConnectOrgToEnvironmentHub</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ConsentApiUpdate</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ContentAdministrator</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ContentWorkspaces</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ConvertLeads</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreateCustomizeDashboards</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreateCustomizeFilters</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreateCustomizeReports</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreateDashboardFolders</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreateLtngTempFolder</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreatePackaging</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreateReportFolders</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreateTopics</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreateWorkBadgeDefinition</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CreateWorkspaces</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>CustomizeApplication</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>DataExport</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>DelegatedTwoFactor</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>DeleteActivatedContract</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>DeleteTopics</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>DistributeFromPersWksp</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditActivatedOrders</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditBillingInfo</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditBrandTemplates</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditCaseComments</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditEvent</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditHtmlTemplates</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditKnowledge</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditMyDashboards</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditMyReports</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditOppLineItemUnitPrice</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditPublicDocuments</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditPublicFilters</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditPublicTemplates</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditReadonlyFields</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditTask</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditTopics</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EditTranslation</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EmailMass</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EmailSingle</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EnableCommunityAppLauncher</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>EnableNotifications</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ExportReport</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>GiveRecognitionBadge</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ImportCustomObjects</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ImportLeads</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ImportPersonal</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>InstallPackaging</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>LightningConsoleAllowedForUser</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>LightningExperienceUser</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ListEmailSend</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageAnalyticSnapshots</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageAuthProviders</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageBusinessHourHolidays</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageCMS</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageCallCenters</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageCases</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageCategories</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageCertificates</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageContentPermissions</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageContentProperties</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageContentTypes</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageCustomPermissions</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageCustomReportTypes</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageDashbdsInPubFolders</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageDataCategories</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageDataIntegrations</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageDynamicDashboards</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageEmailClientConfig</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageEntitlements</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageExchangeConfig</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageHealthCheck</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageHubConnections</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageInteraction</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageInternalUsers</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageIpAddresses</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageKnowledge</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageKnowledgeImportExport</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageLeads</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageLoginAccessPolicies</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageMobile</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageNetworks</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManagePackageLicenses</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManagePartners</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManagePasswordPolicies</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageProfilesPermissionsets</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManagePropositions</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManagePvtRptsAndDashbds</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageRecommendationStrategies</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageRemoteAccess</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageReportsInPubFolders</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageRoles</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageSearchPromotionRules</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageSharing</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageSolutions</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageSubscriptions</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageSynonyms</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageUnlistedGroups</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ManageUsers</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>MassInlineEdit</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>MergeTopics</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ModerateChatter</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ModifyAllData</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ModifyDataClassification</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ModifyMetadata</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>NewReportBuilder</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>Packaging2</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>Packaging2PromoteVersion</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>PrivacyDataAccess</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>PublishArticles</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>PublishPackaging</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>PublishTranslation</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>RemoveDirectMessageMembers</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ResetPasswords</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>RunReports</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ScheduleReports</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SelectFilesFromSalesforce</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SendSitRequests</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ShareInternalArticles</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ShowCompanyNameAsUserBadge</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SolutionImport</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SubmitForTranslation</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SubmitMacrosAllowed</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SubscribeDashboardRolesGrps</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SubscribeDashboardToOtherUsers</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SubscribeReportRolesGrps</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SubscribeReportToOtherUsers</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SubscribeReportsRunAsUser</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SubscribeToLightningDashboards</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>SubscribeToLightningReports</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>TraceXdsQueries</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>TransactionalEmailSend</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>TransferAnyCase</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>TransferAnyEntity</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>TransferAnyLead</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>UseTeamReassignWizards</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>UseWebLink</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewAllData</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewAllUsers</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewArchivedArticles</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewDataAssessment</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewDataCategories</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewDataLeakageEvents</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewDraftArticles</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewEventLogFiles</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewFlowUsageAndFlowEventData</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewHealthCheck</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewHelpLink</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewMyTeamsDashboards</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewPublicDashboards</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewPublicReports</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewRoles</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewSetup</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>ViewUserPII</name>
</userPermissions>
<userPermissions>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<name>WorkCalibrationUser</name>
</userPermissions>
</Profile>