You can't filter or SOQL on Long-text area/rich text fields. You can upvote on the idea here.
You can't use Long-text area/rich text fields in formula either, another idea is here for you to upvote if you so desire.
Workaround-Trigger
You can create a trigger on your object, that has this long-text area field, and use the before insert
/ before update
event. And a custom field to have the length of your long area field to hold, say Length_LongArea__c
. A simple on-the-fly example would be
trigger objectTrg on [object] (before insert, before update) {
for (object obj: trigger.new) {
if (String.isNotBlank(obj.long_area_Field__c)) {
obj.Length_LongArea__c = obj.long_area_Field__c.length();
} else {
obj.Length_LongArea__c = 0;
}
}
}
Workaround-Process Builder
You can also create a process builder to achieve the same result.
- Create a Process Builder, select your object, and put a condition
ISCHANGED()
so that process builder only runs when required.

- Add "Update Record" action as shown below

From the above code, we are trying to populate the length field with the length of the long-area field, after which you could use that field anywhere you want. e.g. reports, soql filters, etc.