Does anyone know of a guide for setting up a named credential for a Salesforce Org to access it's own API? This is a required step when using Apex from a Lightning Component. I know that the API does not support Basic authentication so does this mean that you have to go through all the steps of setting up a connected app and auth provider? I am sure someone has set this up but I just can't find any official or unofficial guide on the complete flow of accessing the Rest API from a Lightning Component.
Edit to add scenario
I just want to add a simple scenario to better explain the problem. This scenario works from Visualforce today.
Let's say I have a Lightning Component that I want to display search results in. The Salesforce Admin has already configured which fields show in search results using standard functionality. I want to grab that configuration from the search layouts REST resource (I understand this needs to be from my Apex controller). What steps do I need to take to allow the Lightning Component's Apex controller to obtain access to this REST API? If I include this component in a managed package, how much of the setup can I package and how much must be performed by an admin after installation?
layouts
resource which gives layout info for the running user. I am using this in VF right now but because of the issues with authentication I can't get it running from a Lightning Component.