There are some older posts about REST API access from Lightning components that do a great job at explaining why Salesforce no longer generates an API-enabled session Id in apex invoked from Lightning Components. However, it has been quite some time since any updates have been posted on those questions and the need still exists to get access to APIs like the new User Interface API from a Lightning Component and I cannot find any follow-up details from Salesforce on how developers should proceed.
Is there any officially supported way to access a Salesforce API from a Lightning Component today?