If it's not in Apex code you don't need the : and you need to add ( )
So your SOQL could be rewritten as:
SELECT Id, Syndication_Documents__c
FROM ContentVersion
WHERE Syndication_Documents__c IN ('a4fa0000000KzbV','a4fa0000000KzbW')
If you're doing it from Apex and have a Collection (Set, List, or Map) you can bind them to the query and avoid the string manipulation:
Set<Id> records = new Set<Id>{ 'a4fa0000000KzbV','a4fa0000000KzbW' }; //or an existing collection from elsewhere
List<ContentVersion> results = [SELECT Id, Syndication_Documents__c
FROM ContentVersion
WHERE Syndication_Documents__c IN :records];