Yes, it is possible
There is an example below, that shows couple of links (as link, as buttons and as custom URL field as link type)
<apex:page standardController="Account" renderAs="pdf"
standardStylesheets="false" showHeader="false"
sidebar="false" applyBodyTag="false" >
<body>
<div class="button">
<a href="https://google.com">Some custom link</a>
</div>
<div>
<a href="https://google.com"
style="font: bold 11px Arial;text-decoration: none;
background-color: #EEEEEE;color: #333333;padding: 2px 6px 2px 6px;
border-top: 1px solid #CCCCCC;border-right: 1px solid #333333;
border-bottom: 1px solid #333333;
border-left: 1px solid #CCCCCC;">
Some link like a button
</a>
</div>
<apex:detail subject="{!Account.Id}" relatedList="false" inlineEdit="false" showChatter="false" />
</body>
</apex:page>
If render as pdf, can result as pdf shown below:
All the links are clickable (at least in google chrome preview) and lead to appropriate page.