I just tried following code and its alerting the width and height correctly. One approach would be to load images like this and add them to the dom as required
<apex:page>
<script type="text/javascript">
var img = new Image();
img.onload = function() {
// you can append this img tag in desired DOM location now with height/width as required.
alert(this.width + 'x' + this.height);
}
img.src = 'https://c.ap1.content.force.com/sfc/servlet.shepherd/version/download/06890000000MkxY';
</script>
</apex:page>
Another approach might be to do like this
<apex:page>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<apex:image id="testImg" value="/s.gif" />
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
$('img[id$=testImg]')
.attr('src', 'https://c.ap1.content.force.com/sfc/servlet.shepherd/version/download/06890000000MkxY')
.load(function(){
// do what you want with height width here
alert($(this).height() + ' X ' + $(this).width());
});
});
</script>
</apex:page>
Hope this helps