Apparently there are no known cases of force:inputField working correctly. @Fab asked thisthis question 9 months ago, and noone seems to have been able to get it working. I guess for now the best option is, like @Mohith suggested herehere and @Jenny commented above, to create your own lookup component.
I hope this will be fixed and working asap, as it's pretty hard to have users create sObjects without it.
EDIT
As @Peter posted on the thread linked above, there is currently a limitation in force:inputField's that you are required to add a default attribute like so:
default="{ sobjectType: 'Account' }"