You should be able to get some logs by looking into USER_HOME_DIR/.sfdx/sfdx.log .
If you are on macOS then simply cd into the home directory using cd $HOME and then cd again to the .sfdx folder .
You will find sfdx.log file if you open the .sfdx folder .This should have more info for you .
If you are behind the firewall , then update your environment variables as per the below instructions