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I find it easiest to think of Salesforce1 as a new mobile interface for everything in Salesforce (except development, for now...). It's possible to access all Standard and Custom objects, and it even makes it easy to publish a Visualforce Page to mobile devices. To do so, follow these quick instructions:

It's probably easiest to think of Salesforce1 as a new mobile interface for everything in Salesforce (except development, for now...). So, it's used to access Salesforce on mobile devices. It's possible to access all Standard and Custom objects, and it even makes it easy to publish a Visualforce Page to mobile devices. To do so, follow these quick instructions:

As a side note, I'd highly recommend taking a look at the Mobile Design Templates to implement a mobile look and feel for your Salesforce apps.

The documentation has more information on how to develop mobile ready Pages and integrate other services. This is where the new APIs come in.

Here's a list of the APIs (and SDK) that seem new to me (please note, these may or may not be new):

• Live Agent REST API Developer’s Guide - The Live Agent REST API allows you to customize and extend the functionality of Live Agent chat windows. With the REST resources in this guide, your developers can produce chat windows that go beyond your website...
• Open CTI Developer's Guide - Open CTI is a JavaScript API that lets developers build computer-telephony integration (CTI) systems that integrate with Salesforce.
• Analytics API Developer Guide - Analytics REST API gives programmatic access to integrate reporting into a wide variety of applications. You can get report metadata, run reports synchronously or asynchronously to get summary data with or without details, filter...
• Salesforce Mobile SDK Development Guide - Describes how to use Mobile SDK tools to build hybrid apps that leverage HTML5 and JavaScript, as well as native apps using Java or Objective-C.

The documentation has more information on how to develop mobile ready Pages and integrate other services. This is where the APIs come in. Most, if not all of the APIs listed, were released before Salesforce1. However, any API that could be used in Salesforce previously can now be used with Salesforce1 as well.

From the comments, it appears that the only relatively new API is the Analytics API which was made generally available in Winter '14.

• Analytics API Developer Guide - Analytics REST API gives programmatic access to integrate reporting into a wide variety of applications. You can get report metadata, run reports synchronously or asynchronously to get summary data with or without details, filter...