I suspect you won't be able to get true asynchronous anonymous code working.
The problem is that your anonymous Apex only exists for the transaction it was created in. By the time the asynchronous Apex runs there is no definition of your anonymous Apex to be found on the application server that would ultimately run it.
Without true Eval support in Apex there isn't a way to run anonymous Apex on the fly. You can fake it a bit with callouts, but that won't give you the higher limits you are after.
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