The best way to accomplish this in quick time is to use JQM .JQM will provide UI framework and data can be binded to apex controllers using javascript remoting.
you may like to look at Jquery mobile packs to get started.
Angulur JS is also very good framework and along with twitter bootstrap ui framework mobile friendly pages can be developed in quick time but this involves some amount of learning curve while jquery mobile is faster to learn and code but when it comes to flexibility angulur js gives greater flexibility.
Update -After winter 14 enhancements**
With new chatter mobile features this requirement is out of box .
http://www.verticalcoder.com/2013/11/06/chatter-mobile-and-visualforce/